Sepsis: Recognise the Signs and Take Immediate Action

Sepsis is a serious medical emergency that can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. It can be difficult to identify, particularly in children and babies, as its symptoms often mimic other illnesses, such as flu or chest infections. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to saving lives.

Signs of Sepsis in Babies and Children

If you suspect that a baby or child may be showing signs of sepsis, trust your instincts and seek immediate medical help by calling 999 or heading to the nearest A&E without delay. Watch out for the following warning signs:

• Blue, grey, pale or blotchy skin, lips or tongue: In children with brown or black skin, this may be more noticeable on the palms of their hands or soles of their feet.
• A rash: That doesn’t fade when pressed with a glass, similar to the rash seen with meningitis.
• Breathing difficulties: Such as grunting, rapid breathing, or the stomach sucking in under the ribs.
• A high-pitched or weak cry: A cry that is not typical for them.
• Lack of responsiveness: Disinterest in feeding or not engaging in usual activities.
• Unusual sleepiness: Difficulty waking up or seeming excessively drowsy.

Even if only one of these symptoms is present, it could indicate sepsis. Act immediately.

Signs of Sepsis in Older Children and Adults

In older children and adults, the following signs may indicate sepsis:

• Confusion or slurred speech: The person may not make sense or be aware of their surroundings.
• Blue, pale, grey or blotchy skin, lips, or tongue: For darker skin tones, check the palms or soles of the feet.
• Rash: A rash that does not fade when pressed with a glass.
• Breathing difficulties: Struggling to breathe, breathlessness, or very rapid breathing.

As with children, they might not show every symptom. If you notice any of these signs, seek urgent medical attention.

What to Do in Case of Sepsis

If you or someone else is suspected of having sepsis, do not attempt to drive them to A&E. Instead, call 999 for an ambulance. While waiting for help, if possible, take any medications the person is currently on with you. Early medical intervention is essential.

If You Are Unsure: Contact NHS 111

If you’re unsure whether it’s sepsis but still concerned, it’s always best to get medical advice. Call NHS 111 if:

• You or your child feel very unwell or you think something is seriously wrong.
• The person hasn’t urinated in the last 12 hours (for babies and young children) or hasn’t had a wee all day (for older children and adults).
• They are vomiting repeatedly and can’t keep food or fluids down.
• There is swelling, redness, or pain around a wound or cut.
• They have a very high or low temperature, feel hot or cold to the touch, or are shivering.

It’s always better to seek help, even if you're not certain it’s sepsis. NHS 111 can guide you on what to do next, arrange for a doctor or nurse to call, or send an ambulance if necessary.