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  1. Recognising Cardiac Arrest in Pets

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Recognising Cardiac Arrest in Pets: A Step-by-Step Guide

Cardiac arrest in pets occurs when the heart stops beating effectively, stopping blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. When this happens, every second counts. Immediate recognition and fast action can significantly improve your pet’s chance of survival.

This guide explains the key signs of cardiac arrest in dogs, cats, and small animals, and the steps you should take before starting CPR.

What Is Cardiac Arrest in Pets?

Cardiac arrest can happen without warning. Common causes include:

  • Choking or airway obstruction
  • Severe trauma or accidents
  • Sudden collapse
  • Underlying medical emergencies or illness

Because blood and oxygen stop circulating, rapid recognition is critical.

How to Recognise Cardiac Arrest in Your Pet

Step 1 – Check for Responsiveness

Gently call your pet’s name and touch them on the body or shoulder. If they do not respond, are limp, or fail to move when stimulated, treat the situation as an immediate emergency.

Step 2 – Assess Breathing

Observe the chest for normal rise and fall. If you see no movement, or only occasional gasps or twitching, this is not normal breathing. These irregular movements are known as agonal breaths and indicate the heart has already stopped.

Step 3 – Check for a Pulse or Heartbeat

If it is safe to do so, place your hand on the chest just behind the front leg (where the elbow meets the body). You can also feel inside the back leg for the femoral pulse.

If you cannot detect a heartbeat or pulse within 10 seconds, assume the heart has stopped.

Step 4 – Look for Any Movement

Check for signs such as blinking, swallowing, or attempts to lift the head. If there is no movement and your pet is not breathing, they are in cardiac arrest.

Step 5 – Take Immediate Action

If possible, shout for assistance. Start CPR straight away. Ask someone nearby to contact a veterinary practice while you begin chest compressions and rescue breaths.

Do not delay. The sooner CPR begins, the greater the chance of survival. Do not waste precious time searching for equipment or waiting for instructions.