Understanding Croup in Children

Overview of Croup

Croup is an infection affecting the voice box (larynx) and the airway to the lungs (trachea). It is characterised by:

• Barking cough: Seal-like cough sound.
• Rasping breathing: Noisy breathing in.
• Hoarse voice and respiratory distress: Due to upper airway obstruction.

Croup primarily affects:

• Children aged 6 months to 3 years old, though older children can also be affected.
• Boys more than girls.
• May recur multiple times during childhood.

Management and Treatment

Most cases of croup are self-limiting and improve without treatment:

• If distressed, sit the child upright to ease breathing.
• Home care: Provide comfort, fluids, and manage fever with paracetamol.
• Avoid smoke: Smoking and smoky environments can worsen symptoms.
• Avoid: Cough medicines and decongestants as they offer no benefit.

Medication Guidelines

For pain and fever management:

• Use liquid paracetamol for children, avoiding if sensitive or had adverse reactions.
• Ibuprofen can be used for children over 3 months old, weighing over 5kg, if not sensitive.
• Consult GP or pharmacist for guidance on painkiller suitability and dosages.

When to Seek Medical Help

Seek urgent medical assistance if:

• Child is struggling to breathe - call 999 or request an ambulance.
• Concerned about child's breathing - consult GP.

Hospital Treatment

In severe cases:

• Steroids: Given orally to reduce airway inflammation.
• Oxygen therapy: Administered to ease breathing.
• Intravenous fluids: If needed for hydration.
• Intubation: Rarely required, helps in severe respiratory distress.

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